Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Latin poena
← Ancient Greek ποινή (borrowed)
← Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (root)

→ English pain (derived)
→ English subpoena (mention)
→ English punish (mention)
→ English pine (derived)
→ English penal (mention)
→ English peine (mention)
→ English penology (derived)
→ English nulla pœna sine lege (mention)
→ Afrikaans pyn (derived)
→ Old English pinian (derived)
→ Catalan pena (inherited)
→ Welsh poeni (derived)
→ Welsh poen (borrowed)
→ Danish pine (derived)
→ German verpönt (derived)
→ German Pein (derived)
→ Middle English sub pena (mention)
→ Esperanto puni (mention)
→ Spanish pena (inherited)
→ Finnish piina (derived)
→ Faroese pína (derived)
→ French peine (inherited)
→ Old French peine (inherited)
→ West Frisian pine (derived)
→ Irish pian (derived)
→ Scottish Gaelic pian (derived)
→ Galician pena (derived)
→ Central Franconian Peng (derived)
→ Manx pian (derived)
→ Italian pena (inherited)
→ Italian pene (mention)
→ Latin punio (mention)
→ Latin poenae servus (mention)
→ Latin servus poenae (mention)
→ Latin poenarius (suffix)
→ Luxembourgish Péng (derived)
→ Ligurian pénn-a (inherited)
→ Ladin pena (inherited)
→ Ladin peina (inherited)
→ Middle Irish pían (derived)
→ Norwegian Bokmål pine (derived)
→ Dutch pijn (derived)
→ Norwegian Nynorsk pine (derived)
→ Old Norse pína (derived)
→ Norman pôïne (mention)
→ Old Occitan pena (inherited)
→ Portuguese pena (inherited)
→ Romanian penă (borrowed)