Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Ancient Greek ποινή
← Proto-Hellenic *kʷoinā́ (inherited)
← Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (root)
← Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂ (inherited)
← Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (mention)

→ English pain (derived)
→ English pine (derived)
→ English penal (derived)
→ English peine (mention)
→ Afrikaans pyn (derived)
→ Old English pinian (derived)
→ Catalan pena (derived)
→ Danish pine (derived)
→ Greek ποινή (inherited)
→ Esperanto puni (borrowed)
→ Spanish pena (derived)
→ Finnish piina (derived)
→ Faroese pína (derived)
→ French peine (derived)
→ Old French peine (derived)
→ West Frisian pine (derived)
→ Irish pian (derived)
→ Scottish Gaelic pian (derived)
→ Galician pena (derived)
→ Ancient Greek τίνω (mention)
→ Ancient Greek νήποινος (affix)
→ Manx pian (derived)
→ Italian pena (derived)
→ Latin poena (borrowed)
→ Ladin pena (derived)
→ Middle Irish pían (derived)
→ Dutch pijn (derived)
→ Norman pôïne (mention)
→ Old Occitan pena (derived)
→ Portuguese pena (derived)
→ Sanskrit चयते (cognate)
→ Saterland Frisian Piene (derived)