Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Portuguese pena
← English punishment (link)
← English pain (link)
← English sadness (link)
← English feather (link)
← English quill (link)
← Ancient Greek ποινή (derived)
← Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂ (derived)
← Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ (inherited)
← Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (mention)
← Proto-Italic *petnā (inherited)
← Latin poena (inherited)
← Latin penna (inherited)
← Latin pinna (mention)
← Portuguese penoso (link)
← Portuguese penar (link)
← Portuguese penitência (link)
← Portuguese penitente (link)
← Portuguese vale a pena (link)
← Portuguese penada (link)
← Portuguese Pena (link)
← Portuguese Penacova (link)
← Portuguese Penafiel (link)
← Portuguese Penalva (link)
← Portuguese plumagem (link)
← Portuguese penugem (link)
← Old Portuguese pena (inherited)
← Old Portuguese pẽa (mention)
← Old Portuguese pena (inherited)

→ Indonesian pena (derived)
→ Kabuverdianu péna (derived)
→ Guinea-Bissau Creole pena (derived)
→ Portuguese penal (affix)
→ Portuguese apenas (mention)
→ Portuguese apenar (affix)
→ Portuguese penar (suffix)
→ Portuguese penoso (affix)
→ Portuguese penedo (suffix)
→ Portuguese penada (affix)
→ Tamil பேனா (borrowed)