Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
pena
←
Ancient Greek
ποινή
(derived)
←
Latin
poena
(inherited)
←
Old Occitan
pena
(inherited)
→
Catalan
penal
(suffix)
→
Catalan
penar
(mention)