English penal

← Old French peinal (derived)

← Ancient Greek ποινή (derived)

← Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂ (derived)

← Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (root)

← Latin poenalis (derived)

← Latin poena (mention)

→ English penalize (suffix)

→ English penalise (suffix)

→ English penalization (suffix)

→ English penally (suffix)

→ English pænal (mention)

→ English nonpenal (prefix)

→ English postpenal (prefix)

→ English penalism (suffix)

→ English hemipenal (prefix)

→ Portuguese penal (link)