Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Persian دشمن
← Proto-Indo-European *dus- (derived)
← Proto-Indo-European *men- (mention)
← Proto-Iranian *dušmánah (inherited)
← Middle Persian 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (mention)

→ Avar тушман (derived)
→ Azerbaijani düşmən (borrowed)
→ Bashkir дошман (borrowed)
→ Bengali দুশমন (borrowed)
→ Crimean Tatar duşman (borrowed)
→ Dhivehi ދުށްމިނު (borrowed)
→ Persian دزد (mention)
→ Hindi दुश्मन (borrowed)
→ Armenian դուշման (mention)
→ Kazakh дұшпан (borrowed)
→ Northern Kurdish dijmin (cognate)
→ Kumyk душман (borrowed)
→ Macedonian душман (derived)
→ Nepali दुश्मन (borrowed)
→ Ottoman Turkish دشمن (borrowed)
→ Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (borrowed)
→ Punjabi دشمݨ (borrowed)
→ Romanian dușmăni (derived)
→ Romanian dușman (derived)
→ Russian душман (derived)
→ Aromanian dushman (derived)
→ Aromanian dushmanu (derived)
→ Santali ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (borrowed)
→ Serbo-Croatian dušman (derived)
→ Serbo-Croatian душман (derived)
→ Turkmen duşman (borrowed)
→ Turkish düşman (borrowed)
→ Urdu دشمن (borrowed)
→ Uzbek dushman (derived)
→ Old Armenian թշնամի (cognate)
→ Zazaki dişmen (cognate)