Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
English penalize
English penal (suffix)
English ize (suffix)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (root)

English penalizable (suffix)
English penalizer (suffix)
English depenalize (prefix)
English underpenalize (prefix)
English overpenalize (prefix)
Norwegian Nynorsk straffe (link)