Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
castro
←
Spanish
castro
(cognate)
←
Galician
castro
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*kes-
(derived)
←
Latin
castrum
(inherited)
←
Portuguese
alcácer
(doublet)
←
Portuguese
castrejo
(link)
←
Portuguese
Castro
(link)
←
Portuguese
alcácer
(link)
←
Portuguese
castelo
(link)
←
Portuguese
cividade
(link)
←
Portuguese
citânia
(link)
←
Old Portuguese
castro
(inherited)
→
Galician
castro
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
Castro
(mention)
→
Portuguese
alcácer
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
castrejo
(suffix)