Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
alcácer
←
Arabic
قصر
(borrowed)
←
Latin
castrum
(derived)
←
Portuguese
castro
(doublet)
←
Old Portuguese
alcaçer
(inherited)
←
Old Portuguese
alcaçar
(mention)
→
Portuguese
castro
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
castro
(link)