Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Spanish
castro
←
Spanish
alcázar
(doublet)
←
Latin
castrum
(inherited)
←
Old Spanish
castro
(inherited)
→
Spanish
alcázar
(doublet)
→
Galician
castro
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
castro
(cognate)