Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
clou
←
French
clou
(borrowed)
←
Old French
clou
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*(s)kleh₂w-
(derived)
←
Proto-Italic
*klāwos
(derived)
←
Latin
clāvus
(derived)