Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Italic *klāwos

→ Catalan clau (inherited)
→ Spanish clavo (inherited)
→ French clou (inherited)
→ Galician cravo (inherited)
→ Italian chiavo (inherited)
→ Latin clavus (inherited)
→ Polish clou (derived)
→ Portuguese cravo (inherited)