Dutch straffen

← Middle Dutch straffen (inherited)

← Proto-Germanic *strēpōną (mention)

← Middle High German strāfen (derived)

← Dutch afstraffen (link)

← Dutch bestraffen (link)

← Dutch straf (link)

→ German strafen (cognate)

→ Luxembourgish strofen (cognate)

→ Dutch straf (mention)

→ Dutch straf (link)

→ Dutch strafbaar (suffix)

→ Dutch afstraffen (compound)

→ Dutch bestraffen (prefix)

→ Sranan Tongo strafu (mention)