Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
島
←
Proto-Japonic
*sima
(inherited)
→
English
Sakurajima
(mention)
→
English
Shima
(borrowed)
→
Japanese
イースター島
(suffix)
→
Japanese
硫黄島
(suffix)
→
Japanese
硫黄島
(compound)
→
Japanese
福島
(compound)
→
Japanese
火山島
(compound)
→
Japanese
大島
(compound)
→
Japanese
鹿児島
(affix)
→
Japanese
桜島
(compound)
→
Japanese
種子島
(compound)
→
Japanese
種子島
(mention)
→
Japanese
シマエナガ
(compound)
→
Japanese
五島
(suffix)
→
Japanese
宮古島
(affix)
→
Japanese
島国
(compound)
→
Japanese
父島
(affix)
→
Japanese
母島
(affix)
→
Korean
섬
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
Shima
(borrowed)
→
Okinawan
島
(cognate)