Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
五島
←
Japanese
五
(suffix)
←
Japanese
島
(suffix)
→
Japanese
五島列島
(affix)
→
Japanese
上五島
(prefix)
→
Chinese
五島
(orthographic borrowing)