Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Italic *supo

→ Catalan sota (derived)
→ Spanish so (inherited)
→ Italian sotto (derived)
→ Latin sub (inherited)
→ Occitan sota (derived)
→ Portuguese sob (inherited)
→ Romanian sub (derived)