Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
sota
←
Proto-Indo-European
*upo
(derived)
←
Proto-Italic
*supo
(derived)
←
Latin
subtus
(inherited)
←
Latin
sub
(mention)
←
Old Catalan
sots
(mention)
→
Catalan
dessota
(affix)
→
Catalan
ensota
(affix)
→
Catalan
sots-
(link)
→
Catalan
sotabosc
(compound)
→
Spanish
sota
(borrowed)
→
Spanish
sotavento
(mention)
→
Occitan
sota
(cognate)