Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Italic *speinā

→ Middle English spyne (derived)
→ Spanish espina (inherited)
→ French épine (inherited)
→ Italian spina (inherited)
→ Latin spina (inherited)
→ Portuguese espinha (inherited)
→ Romanian spin (inherited)
→ Walloon spene (inherited)