Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Irish
scáth
←
Proto-Celtic
*skātom
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*(s)ḱeh₃-
(derived)
←
Old Irish
scáth
(inherited)
→
English
shadow
(cognate)
→
Old English
sceadu
(cognate)
→
Welsh
cysgod
(cognate)
→
Irish
scáthán
(affix)
→
Irish
scáthaigh
(affix)
→
Irish
scáthchruth
(affix)
→
Irish
scáthach
(affix)