←
Middle Dutch schap (cognate)
←
Middle English shap (inherited)
←
Middle English schape (mention)
←
Middle English shapen (inherited)
←
Proto-Germanic *ga- (inherited)
←
Proto-Germanic *skapą (mention)
←
Middle High German geschaf (cognate)
←
Proto-West Germanic *ga- (inherited)
←
Proto-West Germanic *skap (mention)
←
Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (derived)
←
Icelandic skap (cognate)
←
Norwegian skapa (cognate)
←
Swedish skapa (cognate)
→
English -ship (mention)
→
Westrobothnian skäp (cognate)
→
Alemannic German schaffe (cognate)
→
Norwegian Nynorsk skapa (cognate)
→
Pennsylvania German schaffe (cognate)
→
Portuguese forma (link)
→
Portuguese forma (link)
→
Albanian shkep (cognate)
→
Saterland Frisian skäppe (link)
→
Swedish skapa (mention)