Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
nocturnal
←
Old English
niht
(cognate)
←
English
night
(cognate)
←
Middle French
nocturnal
(borrowed)
←
Ancient Greek
νύξ
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*nókʷts
(inherited)
←
Latin
nocturnus
(derived)
←
Latin
nox
(derived)
←
Sanskrit
नक्ति
(cognate)
←
Proto-Slavic
*noťь
(cognate)
→
English
nocturnally
(suffix)
→
English
nocturnality
(suffix)
→
English
nonnocturnal
(prefix)
→
English
nocturnalist
(suffix)
→
English
nocturnalism
(suffix)
→
English
noctophobia
(affix)
→
German
nüchtern
(cognate)
→
Ido
noktar
(derived)