Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
German Wels
German Wal (mention)
Proto-Germanic *hwalaz (inherited)
Old High German wal (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (inherited)

English whale (cognate)
English wels (borrowed)
German Teufelswels (compound)