Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
German
Wels
←
German
Wal
(mention)
←
Proto-Germanic
*hwalaz
(inherited)
←
Old High German
wal
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*(s)kʷálos
(inherited)
→
English
whale
(cognate)
→
English
wels
(borrowed)
→
German
Teufelswels
(compound)