Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Turkic *āb

→ Azerbaijani ov (inherited)
→ Bashkir ау (inherited)
→ Mongolian ав (derived)
→ Ottoman Turkish آو (inherited)
→ Old Turkic 𐰉 (inherited)
→ Turkish av (derived)
→ Karakhanid ااڤْ (inherited)