←
Ottoman Turkish قوم (inherited)
←
Proto-Turkic *kum (inherited)
→
Southern Altai кум (cognate)
→
Azerbaijani qum (cognate)
→
Crimean Tatar qum (cognate)
→
Karakalpak qum (cognate)
→
Karachay-Balkar къум (cognate)
→
Serbo-Croatian kum (cognate)
→
Serbo-Croatian кум (cognate)