Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Sanskrit उप-
← Proto-Indo-Iranian *upa- (inherited)
← Proto-Indo-Aryan *upa- (inherited)
← Proto-Indo-European *upo (inherited)

→ Bengali উপজেলা (borrowed)
→ Bengali উপ- (derived)
→ Hindi उप- (derived)
→ Khmer ឧបរាជ (affix)
→ Sanskrit उपनिषद् (affix)
→ Sanskrit उपवन (affix)
→ Sanskrit उपकार (compound)
→ Sanskrit उपकरण (affix)
→ Sanskrit उपार्जन (affix)
→ Thai อุปราช (affix)