Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
mergulhar
←
Spanish
somorgujar
(cognate)
←
Latin
mergulus
(inherited)
←
Latin
mergus
(mention)
←
Latin
mergō
(mention)
←
Old Portuguese
mergullar
(inherited)
→
Galician
mergullar
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
mergulho
(back-formation)