Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
mergulho
←
Spanish
somorgujo
(cognate)
←
Galician
somorgullo
(cognate)
←
Portuguese
mergulhar
(back-formation)
→
Spanish
somorgujo
(cognate)
→
Latin
mergulus
(link)
→
Portuguese
mergulhão
(suffix)