Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Galician
mergullar
←
Spanish
somorgujar
(cognate)
←
Latin
mergus
(mention)
←
Latin
mergō
(mention)
←
Portuguese
mergulhar
(cognate)
←
Old Portuguese
mergullar
(inherited)
→
Galician
somorgullar
(prefix)
→
Galician
mergullo
(back-formation)
→
Galician
mergullador
(suffix)