Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
espanhol
←
Spanish
español
(cognate)
←
Latin
hispānus
(derived)
←
Old Occitan
espaignol
(derived)
→
Spanish
español
(cognate)
→
Italian
spagnolo
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
portunhol
(blend)
→
Portuguese
espanholismo
(suffix)