Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
caudilho
←
Spanish
caudillo
(borrowed)
←
Latin
caput
(derived)
←
Old Spanish
cabdiello
(derived)
←
Portuguese
cabedelo
(doublet)