Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
alien
←
English
alien
(borrowed)
←
Old French
alien
(derived)
←
Old French
aliene
(mention)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₂élyos
(derived)
←
Latin
aliēnus
(derived)
←
Latin
alius
(mention)
←
Portuguese
alheio
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
alheio
(doublet)