Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old Prussian
kalis
←
Proto-Germanic
*hwalaz
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*(s)kʷálos
(derived)
→
English
whale
(cognate)
→
Ancient Greek
ἄσπαλος
(cognate)
→
Latin
squalus
(cognate)