Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
guru
←
Hindi
गुरू
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Indo-Iranian
*gr̥Húš
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-Aryan
*gr̥Húṣ
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gʷréh₂us
(derived)
←
Punjabi
ਗੁਰੂ
(borrowed)
←
Sanskrit
गुरु
(derived)
←
Urdu
گرو
(borrowed)