Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
gałgan
←
German
Galgen
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Germanic
*galgô
(derived)
←
Old High German
galgo
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ǵʰalgʰ-
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ǵʰalg-
(mention)
→
Polish
Gałgan
(mention)