Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
cesarz
←
Latin
Caesar
(derived)
←
Polish
car
(doublet)
←
Proto-Slavic
*cěsařь
(inherited)
→
Polish
car
(doublet)
→
Polish
cesarstwo
(suffix)