Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Middle Persian
hm
←
Proto-Indo-Iranian
*samHás
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*somHós
(derived)
←
Proto-Iranian
*hamHás
(inherited)
→
Persian
هم
(inherited)
→
Hindi
हम
(derived)
→
Sanskrit
सम्-
(cognate)
→
Tocharian B
ām
(borrowed)