Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Norwegian Nynorsk
hertug
←
German
Herzog
(cognate)
←
Middle Low German
hertoch
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ker-
(root)
←
Dutch
hertog
(cognate)
←
Old Norse
hertogi
(derived)
→
Norwegian Nynorsk
hertuginne
(suffix)