Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Norwegian Nynorsk bølgje
English billow (cognate)
Proto-Germanic *bulgijō (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (root)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (derived)
Old Norse bylgja (inherited)

Danish bølge (cognate)
Norwegian Nynorsk flodbølgje (affix)