Dutch vreemd

← German fremd (cognate)

← Middle Dutch vremt (inherited)

← Middle Dutch vreemt (mention)

← Proto-Germanic *framaþiz (inherited)

← Proto-Indo-European *perəm- (derived)

← Proto-Indo-European *prom- (mention)

← Proto-Indo-European *per- (mention)

← Old Dutch fremithi (inherited)

→ English foreign (cognate)

→ English fremd (cognate)

→ Afrikaans vreemd (inherited)

→ Old English fremde (cognate)

→ German fremd (cognate)

→ Luxembourgish friem (cognate)

→ Norwegian Bokmål fremmed (cognate)

→ Dutch -st (mention)

→ Dutch vreemdeling (affix)

→ Dutch vreemdgaan (compound)

→ Dutch vreemden (affix)

→ Dutch natuurvreemd (compound)

→ Dutch vreemdheid (affix)

→ Pennsylvania German fremm (cognate)

→ Swedish främmande (cognate)