Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Latin
stinguo
←
English
stink
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*stengʷ-
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*stegʷ-
(mention)
→
English
extinguish
(mention)
→
English
instigate
(mention)