Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Indo-European
*stengʷ-
→
English
stink
(inherited)
→
English
stench
(derived)
→
Welsh
gostwng
(derived)
→
Latin
stinguo
(derived)