Latin captīvus

→ English captive (derived)

→ English caitiff (derived)

→ Catalan captiu (derived)

→ German -haft (cognate)

→ Middle English captif (derived)

→ Middle English caitif (derived)

→ Spanish cautivo (learned borrowing)

→ French chétif (inherited)

→ French captif (borrowed)

→ Old French caitif (inherited)

→ Friulian cjâtif (inherited)

→ Galician cativo (derived)

→ Italian cattivo (inherited)

→ Latin captivo (affix)

→ Latin captivitas (affix)

→ Latin concaptivus (affix)

→ Old Occitan chaitiu (inherited)

→ Portuguese cativo (learned borrowing)