Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Old French caitif
Proto-Celtic *kaxtos (derived)
Latin captīvus (inherited)
Old Occitan caitiu (cognate)

Middle English caytif (borrowed)
French chétif (mention)
Middle French chetif (inherited)
Old Occitan chaitiu (cognate)