Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Javanese
mitra
←
Indonesian
mitra
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-Iranian
*mitrás
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-Aryan
*mitrás
(derived)
←
Sanskrit
मित्र
(derived)