Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Italian
castellano
←
Latin
castellānus
(inherited)
→
Italian
castigliano
(doublet)
→
Italian
Castellani
(mention)
→
Venetian
castełan
(cognate)