Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Italian aspro
French âpre (cognate)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (derived)
Latin asperum (inherited)
Latin asper (mention)
Portuguese áspero (cognate)

English asper (derived)
French âpre (cognate)
Italian asprezza (suffix)
Italian inasprire (affix)
Italian asprissimo (affix)
Italian aspramente (affix)
Italian asprità (suffix)
Italian aspreggiare (affix)
Italian aspraggine (mention)