Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
gálgi
←
Proto-Germanic
*galgô
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ǵʰalgʰ-
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ǵʰalg-
(mention)
←
Old Norse
galgi
(derived)
→
English
gallows
(cognate)
→
Alemannic German
Galge
(cognate)