Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Proto-Iranian *θanǰáyati

→ Persian فرهنگ (cognate)
→ Persian سنجیدن (inherited)
→ Persian آهیختن (derived)
→ Persian فرهیختن (derived)
→ Lithuanian tingus (cognate)
→ Middle Persian 𐫗𐫍𐫗𐫃 (mention)
→ Bactrian υαγγο (mention)
→ Old Armenian սանձ (cognate)