Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Hindi
शाम
←
Persian
شام
(borrowed)
←
Sanskrit
श्यामा
(cognate)
←
Sanskrit
श्याम
(derived)
←
Sanskrit
शम्बा
(inherited)