Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Germanic *grubaz

→ English gruff (derived)
→ Afrikaans grof (inherited)
→ Cimbrian gröobe (cognate)
→ German grob (inherited)
→ Middle Dutch grof (inherited)
→ Westrobothnian grop (derived)
→ Dutch grof (inherited)